introduction to level/density measurement. including: definitions density and relative density (sg) application factors affecting density density measurement Archimedes principle density calculations types and applications of level/density transducers transducers input/outputs (I/O) - measurement and evaluation transducer connections level/density measurement techniques sight type, including: dipstick and hook gauges tubular and flat glass gauges accuracy of flat glass gauges magnetically coupled gauges float level measuring devices application of float devices level/density measurement - force type techniques, including: comparison of float and displacement type systems interface sensing devices torque tube type displacer operation torque tube type displacer construction pneumatic and electronic transmitters level/density measurement - pressure-type techniques, including: diaphragm level detectors applications of diaphragm level detectors differential pressure cells advantages and disadvantages density measurement using D/P cells level/density measurement - electrical type techniques, including: application of conductance probes operation of a conductivity-level controller resistance tapes level detectors capacitance probes level detectors ultrasonic level detectors microwave-based level detectors nucleonic-type level sensors load cells used for level measurement level/density measurement - non-intrusive type techniques, including: radiation-type density sensor hydrometer element used for density measurement vibrating tube type liquid density meter level/density measurement calibration for: D/P cell calculations D/P calibration open tank installation level measurement problem solutions in density/level measurement systems relevant job safety assessments or risk mitigation processes, including risk control measures relevant manufacturer specifications relevant WHS/OHS legislated requirements relevant workplace documentation relevant workplace policies and procedures safe working practices. |